{"id":678579,"date":"2024-11-06T16:37:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T15:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/dil-50-kdo-je-zodpovedny-za-nakladani-ve-firmach\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:38:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T14:38:10","slug":"dil-50-kdo-je-zodpovedny-za-nakladani-ve-firmach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/cz\/dil-50-kdo-je-zodpovedny-za-nakladani-ve-firmach\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00edl 50: Kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Na semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, akc\u00edch nebo setk\u00e1n\u00edch ve firm\u00e1ch se jedna ot\u00e1zka diskutuje stejn\u011b \u010dasto jako kontroverzn\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee pravidla jsou pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

„A co odpov\u011bdnost?“\u010casto se mi zd\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 si necht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ipustit nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pravdy\/skute\u010dnosti nebo je odsouvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

To je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 jen do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry. V oblasti zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu nen\u00ed la\u0165ka nastavena na 60 eur a bod ve Flensburgu, ale na trestn\u00fd \u010din ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed z nedbalosti nebo, co\u017e je je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, usmrcen\u00ed z nedbalosti. Tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny mohou vzniknout v d\u016fsledku nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho nebo nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho pro\u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, nevhodn\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktury, neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch procesn\u00edch pokyn\u016f a\/nebo neproveden\u00ed kontroly. <\/p>\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f je, \u017ee ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o p\u0159estupku ji\u017e nepod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed pokutov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, ale st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce. Ten p\u00e1tr\u00e1 po odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 osob\u011b a vysl\u00fdch\u00e1 v\u0161echny z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9, dokud ji nenajde. V pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9m po\u010dtu spole\u010dnost\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze jednatel, proto\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b neprovedl \u00a7130 OWiG „Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti dohledu ve spole\u010dnostech a podnic\u00edch“. <\/p>\n\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku bych r\u00e1d uvedl n\u011bkolik aspekt\u016f a souvislost\u00ed v nad\u011bji, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pochop\u00ed, kter\u00e9 povinnosti je t\u0159eba splnit, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jednat v souladu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n

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Pokud se chcete\/pot\u0159ebujete na toto t\u00e9ma pod\u00edvat bl\u00ed\u017ee, doporu\u010duji knihu na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I kdy\u017e to z n\u00e1zvu nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1, jsou t\u00edm my\u0161leni nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 osoby, proto\u017ee referent pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu je poradce, nikoli odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 osoba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete zde.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Kniha-Sigurd-Ehringer-Ladungssicherung-Rothschenk-Blog\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kladu hraj\u00ed roli dv\u011b oblasti pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed a sm\u011b\u0161uj\u00ed. A to obchodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo (HGB nebo CMR) a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo (StVO). To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt fat\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky. Nejz\u0159eteln\u011bji to lze ilustrovat na obchodn\u00ed smlouv\u011b „ex-pr\u00e1ce“, tj. na klasick\u00e9 situaci sb\u011bratele. <\/p>\n\n

Distributor uzav\u0159e se z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem kupn\u00ed smlouvu na z\u00e1klad\u011b obchodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a dohodne se, \u017ee z\u00e1kazn\u00edk si zbo\u017e\u00ed vyzvedne s\u00e1m nebo zajist\u00ed jeho vyzvednut\u00ed. K p\u0159echodu rizika na z\u00e1kazn\u00edka doch\u00e1z\u00ed okam\u017eikem zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a podpisem dodac\u00edch list\u016f, na nich\u017e je uvedeno nap\u0159\u00edklad „Zbo\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159evzato“. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dodavatel ji\u017e nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky, proto\u017ee kupn\u00ed smlouva byla uzav\u0159ena. Mnoho lid\u00ed si nyn\u00ed mysl\u00ed, \u017ee si mohou sednout na zadek a odpo\u010d\u00edvat. <\/p>\n\n

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Ale je toho v\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159epravy je zbo\u017e\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bno na dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edek nebo v n\u011bm. V tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu je to \u00fakolem \u0159idi\u010de. Z kolegi\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f vypom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0159idi\u010d vysokozdvi\u017en\u00e9ho voz\u00edku. P\u0159itom vystupuje jako z\u00e1stupce z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. <\/p>\n\n

Zapom\u00edn\u00e1 se na to, \u017ee povinnost zajistit n\u00e1klad je upravena ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem (\u00a7 22 StVO) a plat\u00ed bez ohledu na vlastnictv\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm EX-Work distributor p\u0159enesl na z\u00e1kazn\u00edka pohled\u00e1vku, nikoliv v\u0161ak povinnost zajistit n\u00e1klad nebo jej zkontrolovat. Ta z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na nakl\u00e1dac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n\n

Bez ohledu na smlouvy sed\u00ed podnikatel\/\u0159editel nebo vedouc\u00ed provozu naproti z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci, aby zastupoval jeho pr\u00e1va a povinnosti. Tato odpov\u011bdnost je mu vyhrazena a nem\u016f\u017ee ji delegovat. Co lze delegovat, je pln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed. P\u0159i tomto delegov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 toto p\u0159enesen\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1, vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Ta nen\u00ed toto\u017en\u00e1 s odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed jednatele, ale t\u00fdk\u00e1 se v\u00fdhradn\u011b pln\u011bn\u00ed delegovan\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

P\u0159i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato povinnost delegov\u00e1na nap\u0159\u00edklad na vedouc\u00edho logistiky, kter\u00fd je pak odpov\u011bdn\u00fd za jej\u00ed spln\u011bn\u00ed. \u0158editel je v\u0161ak zpro\u0161t\u011bn odpov\u011bdnosti pouze tehdy, pokud toto pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed provede formou p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho„p\u0159\u00edkazu<\/strong>“ podle \u00a7 9 odst. 2 OWiG „jedn\u00e1 jm\u00e9nem jin\u00e9ho“. <\/p>\n\n

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„(2) Pokud je n\u011bkdo pov\u011b\u0159en majitelem podniku nebo jinou opr\u00e1vn\u011bnou osobou k tomu.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n

1. pov\u011b\u0159en \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm podniku zcela nebo z\u010d\u00e1sti, nebo<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n

2. v\u00fdslovn\u011b pov\u011b\u0159en, aby na vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost plnil \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00edkovi podniku, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jedn\u00e1, vztahuje se z\u00e1kon, podle kter\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed osobn\u00ed vlastnosti od\u016fvod\u0148uj\u00ed mo\u017enost postihu, i na pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce, pokud tyto vlastnosti nem\u00e1 on, ale vlastn\u00edk podniku. „<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n

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Jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se v\u011bci v praxi neda\u0159\u00ed, je to, \u017ee na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b neexistuje „v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 (p\u00edsemn\u00e9) pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed“ a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 osoba jedn\u00e1 na „vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost“. Pokud tyto rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed znaky chyb\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 odpov\u011bdn\u00fd jednatel. <\/p>\n\n

Dokud z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 trest v oblasti spr\u00e1vn\u00edch delikt\u016f, management \u010dasto vyv\u00e1zne bez trestu, proto\u017ee kontroln\u00ed org\u00e1ny jsou s \u0159idi\u010dem voz\u00edku a vysokozdvi\u017en\u00e9ho voz\u00edku spokojeny, a\u010dkoli pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace by umo\u017e\u0148ovala jin\u00fd trest. Pokud je v\u0161ak zji\u0161t\u011bn trestn\u00fd \u010din, vy\u0161et\u0159uje jej st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce a situace vypad\u00e1 zcela jinak. Pak se nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ezkoumaj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu nebo alespo\u0148 k jeho nepravd\u011bpodobnosti. <\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1kladem pro tyto kontroly je pak \u00a7 130 odst. 1 OWiG „Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti dohledu ve spole\u010dnostech a podnic\u00edch“. „Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo jako majitel podniku nebo spole\u010dnosti\u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti<\/u> poru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. <\/em>nep\u0159ijme opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti dohledu<\/em><\/strong>kter\u00e1 jsou nezbytn\u00e1 <\/em>na<\/em><\/strong> v podniku nebo spole\u010dnosti <\/em>zabr\u00e1nit poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed povinnost\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed na vlastn\u00edka jako takov\u00e9ho a za jejich\u017e poru\u0161en\u00ed hroz\u00ed sankce nebo pokuta, jedn\u00e1 v rozporu s p\u0159edpisy, pokud se takov\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed dopust\u00ed<\/u>, <\/em> kter\u00fdm by se p\u0159ede\u0161lo nebo kter\u00e9 by byly podstatn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eeny \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm dohledem.<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>Nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti dohledu zahrnuj\u00ed tak\u00e9<\/em><\/strong>jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u>, pe\u010dliv\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br<\/u> a kontrolu org\u00e1n\u016f dohledu<\/u>.“<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Doty\u010dn\u00fd podnikatel\/spr\u00e1vce nebo vedouc\u00ed provozu mus\u00ed nyn\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, jak\u00e9 \u00favahy u\u010dinil a jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijal, aby ud\u00e1losti zabr\u00e1nil. O „hrubou organiza\u010dn\u00ed nedbalost“ se jedn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed v\u016fbec kontrolov\u00e1no zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu a v d\u016fsledku toho nelze z\u00e1vady zjistit. <\/p>\n\n

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Z koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f k p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm rozsudk\u016fm lze shrnout n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed body. Povinnost dohledu pln\u00ed: <\/p>\n\n

– Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 organizace spole\u010dnosti a vymezen\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f– P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f vhodn\u00fdm osob\u00e1m– \u0158\u00e1dn\u00e9 pou\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f pokyn\u016f– Vhodn\u00e1 kontrola postupu (dokumentace\/z\u00e1pisy\/zpr\u00e1vy)– Kontrola p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (nam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 kontroly) (zdroj v\u010detn\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed Vrchn\u00edho zemsk\u00e9ho soudu v Jen\u011b ze dne 2. listopadu 2005 – 1 Ss242\/05).<\/p>\n\n

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Tuto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situaci lze tak\u00e9 ilustrovat v\u00fd\u0148atkem z formul\u00e1\u0159e pro sly\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n

„Povinnost zajistit n\u00e1klad motorov\u00e9ho vozidla v souladu s \u00a7 22 StVO se vztahuje nejen na \u0159idi\u010de a vlastn\u00edka, ale i na v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na nakl\u00e1dce. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem i odes\u00edlatel n\u00e1kladu. D\u00edky znalosti rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed n\u00e1kladu, jako je hmotnost, odolnost proti prokluzu a materi\u00e1l, m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b odes\u00edlatel nejspolehliv\u011bji posoudit zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu. Odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 osoba je osoba ve firm\u011b, kter\u00e9 byl \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b a nez\u00e1visle<\/u> p\u0159id\u011blen dohled nad nakl\u00e1dac\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed. Zpravidla to nen\u00ed pracovn\u00edk, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1ci prov\u00e1d\u00ed. Pokud nedo\u0161lo k \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> odpov\u011bdnosti, je odpov\u011bdn\u00fd jednatel.<\/u> <\/em>.“<\/p>\n\n

Z toho jasn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee pln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed je v\u017edy na podnikateli\/\u0159editeli nebo vedouc\u00edm provozu. Pouze organizov\u00e1n\u00edm proces\u016f v souladu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy a spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm delegov\u00e1n\u00edm povinnost\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee zbavit odpov\u011bdnosti. To je jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f managementu. <\/p>\n\n

Na ot\u00e1zku „a jak to ud\u011blat?“ odpov\u00edm v dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n\n

Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo si tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky p\u0159e\u010dte, z\u016fstane ve st\u0159ehu a bude netrp\u011bliv\u011b \u010dekat na dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1\u0161, Sigurd Ehringer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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<< P\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvekD\u00edl 49: Kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podle kodexu \u010cT\u00da?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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K dal\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku >><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Sigurd Ehringer<\/p>

\u2714 VDI-zertifizierter Ausbilder f\u00fcr Ladungssicherung\r\n\u2714 Fachbuch-Autor\r\n\u2714 8 Jahre Projektmanager\r\n\u2714 12 Jahre bei der Bundeswehr (Kompaniechef)\r\n\u2714 20 Jahre Vertriebserfahrung\r\n\u2714 seit 1996 Berater\/Ausbilder in der Logistik\r\n\u2714 44 Jahre Ausbilder\/Trainer in verschiedenen Bereichen —>\r\n\r\nIn einer Reihe von Fachbeitr\u00e4gen aus der Praxis, zu Themen rund um den Container und LKW, erhalten Sie Profiwissen aus erster Hand. Wie sichert man Ladung korrekt und was sind die Grundlagen der Ladungssicherung?\r\nErarbeitet und vorgestellt werden sie von Sigurd Ehringer, Inhaber von SE-LogCon<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, akc\u00edch nebo setk\u00e1n\u00edch ve firm\u00e1ch se jedna ot\u00e1zka diskutuje stejn\u011b \u010dasto jako kontroverzn\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee pravidla jsou pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1. „A co odpov\u011bdnost?“ \u010casto se mi zd\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 si necht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ipustit nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pravdy\/skute\u010dnosti nebo je odsouvaj\u00ed. To je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 jen do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry. V oblasti zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1kladu nen\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1536,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[864,871],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-678579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cargo-blog-cs","category-pravni-zalezitosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kdo je za to zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd? \u2714 Kdo nese odpov\u011bdnost? \u2714 Je odpov\u011bdnost p\u0159enosn\u00e1? \u2714 Povinnosti a protokoly \u2714 BLOG by Rothschenk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/cz\/dil-50-kdo-je-zodpovedny-za-nakladani-ve-firmach\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kdo je za to zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd? 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