![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Sicherungsmethoden-Niederzurren-Uebersicht-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n\nToday, out of the many possible securing methods, we\u2019ll focus only on the area outlined in blue. In other words, lashing down and securing. The most common types of cargo are secured using lashing because it\u2019s easy to do. \u201cThrow the strap over the cargo, hook it in, tighten it\u2014done.\u201d <\/p>\n\n
In fact, however, it is the method that requires the most boundary conditions to be taken into account, and thus also the one in which the most mistakes can be made.
- \n
- 1. Preload force: constantly applied\n
- \n
- a. Type of clamping device<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- b Elongation of the belt material<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- c. Number of deflections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- 2. Friction: as high as possible\n
- \n
- a. A clean loading area<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- b. Slip-resistant material in accordance with VDI <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- c. Proper Use of the Material<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- 3. Lashing angle \u03b1\n
- \n
- a. Alpha lashing angle<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- b. Number of deflection points<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n
Let’s now consider the individual boundary conditions:<\/p>\n\n
\n\n1. The preload force<\/strong>
- <\/ol>\n\n\n\n
- The short-lever ratchet (left) and<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The long-lever ratchet (right)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Langhebelzugratsche-Druckratsche-Uebersicht-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung-Blog.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nFor the short-lever ratchet <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The SHF (manual force) of 50 daN must be achieved by \u201cpushing up\u201d on the handle. Anyone can understand this problem by trying to push a 50-kg dumbbell upward with one hand. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Funktion-Kurzhebeldruckratsche-druecken-von-unten-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nFor the long-lever ratchet<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The SHF (manual force) of 50 daN must be achieved by \u201cpulling downward.\u201d
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Langhebelzugratsche-Funktion-Ziehen-von-oben-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n1b. The elongation of the webbing material <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The pretension force has an impact, especially when the belt has not been stretched sufficiently due to insufficient pretension force.
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Label-Zurrgurt-Dehnung-Blaues-Etikett-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Lineal-zum-Vergleich-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung-Massstab.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n1c. The number of deflection points <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n
reduces the transfer of preload force from the ratchet side to the other end of the strap. This cannot always be avoided, but it must be taken into account\u2014for example, by applying a safety factor. <\/p>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n2. Friction<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The friction between the load\/load carrier and the loading surface should be as high as possible. The coefficient of friction is denoted by \u03bc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The certificates issued by trailer manufacturers typically specify a coefficient of friction of \u03bc=0.3 for the screen-printed floor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nCalculation example:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A load weighs 1,000 kg to 1,000 daN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
With a coefficient of friction of \u03bc = 0.3, the frictional force would be 1,000 daN \u00d7 0.3 = 300 daN.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\nSince no specific measures are mentioned, it can be assumed that a coefficient of friction of approximately \u03bc = 0.3 can be achieved by thorough sweeping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Key phrase: \u201cspotlessly clean cargo area.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Abkehren-einer-Ladeflaeche-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n2a. Slip-resistant material <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Using it to increase the coefficient of friction can certainly make sense. However, it must comply with the requirements of VDI-2700, Part 15, \u201cSlip-Resistant Materials.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The required properties, such as elongation at break, are specified there. Not everything that is offered meets the specifications. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Rutschhemmende-Materialien-Antirutschmatte-Gummi-Rohtschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nConstruction protection mats or scraps of conveyor belts, as shown in the picture, are not included.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bauschutzmatten-Foerderband-sind-keine-Antirutschmatten-zur-Ladungssicherung-Rothschenk.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nThe picture shows an ARM in poor condition because it is frayed due to insufficient elongation at break.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Defekte-Ablegereife-Antirutschmatte-Gummi-Reissdehnung-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nAccording to VDI, the coefficient of friction is typically \u03bc = 0.6, provided that the loading area is swept clean. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The positive difference is easy to see.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nCalculation example:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A load weighs 1,000 kg to 1,000 daN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
With a coefficient of friction of \u03bc = 0.6, the frictional force<\/strong> would be 1,000 daN \u00d7 0.6 = 600 daN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n2b. Proper Use of Anti-Slip Mats (ARM). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The most common mistake is placing the ARM on the dirty loading area. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The picture shows an exceptionally negative situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Verschmutzte-Antirutschmatte-auf-der-Ladeflaeche-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nWhen using the ARM, the deformation caused by pressure must not exceed 20%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the picture, the mat was punched through because the contact area was too small. Therefore, you should always make sure that the surface pressure is not too high. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Durchgestanzte-Antirutschmatte-ablegereif-Gummi-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nThe situation shown in this picture indicates that the permissible surface pressure has already been exceeded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Flaechenpressung-Antirutschmatte-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nAn ARM only achieves its maximum effect when the charge is completely separated from the charging surface via the ARM. \u201cDecoupled\u201d is the correct term. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Test drives would show that the loading unit rotates around the green zone because the coefficient of friction is lower in the red zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Situations like these and a dirty cargo area are the most common mistakes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Einseitig-unterlegte-Antirutschmatte-unter-Palette-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Wirkung-von-Zurrwinkel-auf-die-Sicherungskraft-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung-1024x483.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n\nOnly the red vertical arrow represents the effective preload force that secures the load. The flatter the angle, the lower the securing force. <\/p>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\nThe most common mistakes occur because neither the shipper nor the driver is aware of or understands the context. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The situation captured in a recent photograph clearly illustrates this. The straps provide maximum protection against the load \u201cflying away,\u201d but not against the load shifting. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
One criticism might be that <\/strong>
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/zu-flacher-Zurrwinkel-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nThis is one of the formulas specified in VDI-2700 that can be used to calculate the required pretension force for lashing down.<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Gleichung-Mathematisch-Berechnung-Vorspannkraft-Rothschenk-Ladungssicherung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThe yellow box illustrates the relationship between friction and acceleration. Cx,y is the value for acceleration parallel or perpendicular to the direction of travel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u03bc is the coefficient of friction<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cz, the vertical acceleration due to gravity, 9.81m\/s\u00b2<\/sup> ~ 1 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nCx = 0.8 g; Cy = 0.5 g; \u03bc = 0.3; Cz = 9.81 m\/s\u00b2 ~ 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\nThe red box represents the load weight used to calculate the inertial force based on the acceleration due to gravity. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nm \u00d7 g = 1,000 kg \u00d7 9.81 m\/s\u00b2 = 9,810 kg\u00b7m\/s\u00b2 = 9,810 N = 981 daN ~ 1,000 daN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
For the following calculation, the acceleration due to gravity is rounded up to 10, and the load weight is 1,000 kg.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\nThe purple box shows the effective pretension force as a function of the coefficient of friction and the lashing angle \u03b1.
<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n2n= are the two lashing angles \u03b1 that typically result from lashing.
\n\nThe blue box contains the safety factor to account for uncertainties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nIt is supposed to be 1.25.
<\/figure>\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Mathematische-Formel-Ladungssicherung-Vorspannkraft-Rothschenk-1024x120.png\")
<\/figure>\n\nThe load weight of 1,000 kg must be secured with a pretension force of 539 daN. That’s the theory, anyway! <\/p>\n\n
<\/div>\n\n- \n
- The number one misconception is the assumption that a strap with an LC of 2,500 daN can be used to secure a load of 2,500 kg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The second logical fallacy is the assumption that the applied preload is 100% effective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
For this example, let’s use the belt with this label. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Given the low preload force of 250 daN, it is highly likely that it has a short-lever compression ratchet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nLet’s assume that the pretension force of 250 daN is actually achieved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Under the assumed conditions, only 72 daN of this preload force remains.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\nBased on the assumptions above, the calculation would look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FT = 250 daN \u00d7 \u03bc<\/strong> \u00d7 sin \u03b1 = <\/strong>
\n
The number of straps can be determined by dividing the required holding force of 539 daN by the strap’s effective STF of 72 daN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
539 daN \/ 72 daN = 7.48 straps, which rounds up to 8 straps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To secure a 1,000-kg load with this strap material, 8 straps would therefore be necessary. Many drivers and shippers will shake their heads and say that two straps should be enough. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
If the truck has a standard lashing point layout in accordance with EN 12640, the first (1st) and last (8th) straps would be approximately 9 meters apart. However, the 1,000 kg might be on a single Euro pallet. In that case, the above considerations would be rendered moot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
If anyone uses a lashing calculator or app, they will notice that this boundary condition is not taken into account at all.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n
Tackle it, it can only get better!<\/p>\n\n
\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/sigurd-ehringer-ladungssicherung-ausbilder-und-berater-1024x1024.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Aenderung-des-Umfangs-Niederzurren-reduzierte-Vorspannung.jpeg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n1a. The Type of Clamping Device <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
has a significant effect on the preload force. There are two variants: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n