{"id":678449,"date":"2024-08-08T12:05:30","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T10:05:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/epizoda-46-rozdelenie-hmotnosti-podla-kodu-ctu-5-alebo-10-alebo-60-40\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:34:35","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T14:34:35","slug":"epizoda-46-rozdelenie-hmotnosti-podla-kodu-ctu-5-alebo-10-alebo-60-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-46-rozdelenie-hmotnosti-podla-kodu-ctu-5-alebo-10-alebo-60-40\/","title":{"rendered":"Epiz\u00f3da 46: Rozdelenie hmotnosti pod\u013ea k\u00f3du CTU 5 % alebo 10 % alebo 60\/40?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rozlo\u017eenie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch je v\u017edy predmetom diskusi\u00ed. Na rozdiel od star\u00fdch „Pokynov na balenie CTU“ nie je K\u00f3dex CTU 2015 odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm, ale z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdm s\u00faborom pravidiel obsahuj\u00facich \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa musia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno aj kontrolova\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

Ako pr\u00edklad mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 s\u00fa\u010det medzier. Kontroln\u00fd pracovn\u00edk prepravnej spolo\u010dnosti alebo pr\u00edstavn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu otvor\u00ed kontajner, zmeria vzdialenos\u0165 od zadn\u00fdch dver\u00ed k n\u00e1kladu a pod\u00e1 s\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 na zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu, ak je vzdialenos\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako 15 cm a nem\u00f4\u017ee rozpozna\u0165 primeran\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie. Kontajner znehybn\u00ed alebo ho d\u00e1 za poplatok opravi\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

Ak je vzdialenos\u0165 od dver\u00ed kontajnera v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako 60 cm, je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee kontajner bol nalo\u017een\u00fd nespr\u00e1vne a neboli dodr\u017ean\u00e9 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie rozlo\u017eenia n\u00e1kladu. In\u0161pektor nemus\u00ed ani po\u010d\u00edta\u0165, sta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee vzdialenos\u0165 zmeria, preto\u017ee podrobn\u00e1 kontrola mu pravdepodobne d\u00e1 za pravdu. <\/p>\n\n

Rozlo\u017eenie za\u0165a\u017eenia je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee hoci sa vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch modern\u00fdch pr\u00edstavoch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rozpery na kompenz\u00e1ciu posunut\u00e9ho \u0165a\u017eiska na postroji, v podraden\u00fdch pr\u00edstavoch to tak nemus\u00ed by\u0165. Tolerancia vedenia buniek, vodiacich ko\u013eajn\u00edc, po ktor\u00fdch sa kontajnery pos\u00favaj\u00fa do trupu cez 9 a\u017e 11 vrstiev kontajnerov, je 4 a\u017e 5 cm. <\/p>\n\n

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Tento sypa\u010d dok\u00e1\u017ee kompenzova\u0165 odch\u00fdlku \u0165a\u017eiska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tento rozpern\u00fd mechanizmus to nedok\u00e1\u017ee, preto\u017ee silo\u010diary sa zbiehaj\u00fa v jednom bode na h\u00e1ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Rozmetadlo-bez-kontajnera-rozdelenie-váhy-v-prístrešku-rýchlo-ručné\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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A \u010do rozlo\u017eenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

K\u00f3dex CTU jasne \u0161pecifikuje \u0165a\u017eisko v dodatku 7, oddiel 3.1.4:<\/p>\n\n

„Vo v\u0161eobecnosti by odch\u00fdlka \u0165a\u017eiska bremena od stredu nemala by\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako \u00b15 %. Ako pravidlo mo\u017eno predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee 60 % celkovej hmotnosti n\u00e1kladu predstavuje 50 % d\u013a\u017eky n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho kontajnera. Za osobitn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed by sa mohla akceptova\u0165 odch\u00fdlka a\u017e do \u00b110 %, preto\u017ee modern\u00e9 nakladacie zariadenie na manipul\u00e1ciu s kontajnermi ISO je schopn\u00e9 tak\u00e9to odch\u00fdlky kompenzova\u0165. Presn\u00e1 poloha \u0165a\u017eiska v pozd\u013a\u017enom smere n\u00e1kladu sa m\u00f4\u017ee vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 (pozri dodatok 4) <\/em>„.<\/p>\n\n

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Situ\u00e1ciu si mo\u017eno \u013eah\u0161ie predstavi\u0165 v grafickej podobe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Kontajnery\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

V oddiele 4.2.2 na strane 18 k\u00f3dexu CTU sa odosielate\u013eovi uklad\u00e1 povinnos\u0165 informova\u0165 prenaj\u00edmate\u013ea (lodn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165; dopravcu) o v\u0161etk\u00fdch odch\u00fdlkach \u0165a\u017eiska.<\/p>\n\n

Probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9mu teraz \u010del\u00ed zodpovedn\u00fd naklada\u010d, je ot\u00e1zka, ako t\u00fato podmienku zabezpe\u010di\u0165. Rie\u0161en\u00edm je pl\u00e1n skladovania! \u017dia\u013e, ten sa vytv\u00e1ra len zriedka, \u010do samozrejme vedie k probl\u00e9mom. Naklada\u010d zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00edna s pekn\u00fdm, pohodln\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom vpredu a d\u00fafa, \u017ee v priebehu ukladania pr\u00edde na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa tak \u010dasto nestane, je v oblasti dver\u00ed a je prvou vecou, ktor\u00fa kontrol\u00f3r vid\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

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Toto je vzorec z k\u00f3du \u010cVUT, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu rozlo\u017eenia za\u0165a\u017eenia. Ak\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania maj\u00fa autori k\u00f3du CTU? Niektor\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed odrad\u00ed vizu\u00e1lny dojem zo vzorca. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Vzorec sa v\u0161ak d\u00e1 \u013eahko vysvetli\u0165. Sila, ktorou p\u00f4sob\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 jednotka za\u0165a\u017eenia, sa mus\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pod\u013ea princ\u00edpu p\u00e1ky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide o n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa \u00falohu, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje znalos\u0165 \u0165a\u017eiska a hmotnosti n\u00e1kladovej jednotky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri be\u017ene zabalen\u00fdch europalet\u00e1ch sa d\u00e1 vo v\u0161eobecnosti predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee je v strede. To znamen\u00e1 60 cm alebo 40 cm od okraja palety v z\u00e1vislosti od sp\u00f4sobu ich ulo\u017eenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u00edpade strojov a syst\u00e9mov mus\u00ed kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 oddelenie poskytn\u00fa\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Tento diagram z pr\u00edlohy 4 ku k\u00f3dexu CTU na strane 133 u\u013eah\u010duje pochopenie a ukazuje sp\u00f4sob merania.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pr\u00edklad v\u00fdpo\u010dtu z k\u00f3du CTU sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 aj ako vzor tabu\u013eky v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. S\u00fa\u010det v\u0161etk\u00fdch jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtov sa vydel\u00ed celkovou hmotnos\u0165ou n\u00e1kladu. T\u00fdm sa z\u00edska vzdialenos\u0165 medzi celkov\u00fdm \u0165a\u017eiskom a koncovou stenou. T\u00e1to vzdialenos\u0165 potom mus\u00ed by\u0165 v rozsahu 5 % alebo 10 % kontajnera. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Klasick\u00fd blok piatich europaliet, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161etky v\u00e1\u017eia rovnako, mo\u017eno vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 x 800 kg x 1,20 m<\/strong> = 4 800 kgm<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00fdpo\u010det pre druh\u00fd blok piatich by bol nasledovn\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 x 800 kg x 3,60 m<\/strong> = 14 400 kgm<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Hmotnostné\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u0164a\u017eisko sa potom vypo\u010d\u00edta takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 800 kgm + 14 400 kgm = 2,4 m_________________________________ 8 000 kg <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fato polohu mo\u017eno odvodi\u0165 aj \u010disto vizu\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Grafické-rozdelenie-váhy-sekundový-blok-päť-červených-noží-zabezpečenie-záťaže\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Ak sa hmotnos\u0165 paliet v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i, mus\u00ed sa ka\u017ed\u00e1 n\u00e1kladov\u00e1 jednotka vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 osobitne.<\/p>\n\n

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V tomto fikt\u00edvnom pr\u00edklade by sa v\u00fdpo\u010det uskuto\u010dnil takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

700kg x 0,40m = 280kgm 800kg x 1,20m = 960kgm 900kg x 2,00m = 1 800kgm1 000kg x 0,60m = 600kgm1 100kg x 1,60m = 1 760kgm_____________________________4 500kg 5 400kgm5 400kgm \/ 4 500kg = 1,20m<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Celkov\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisko bloku piatich kon\u0161trukci\u00ed je 1,20 m od \u010delnej steny, aj ke\u010f maj\u00fa n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 jednotky r\u00f4znu hmotnos\u0165. Ak maj\u00fa nosn\u00e9 prvky r\u00f4zne rozmery, nemus\u00ed to by\u0165 samozrejme spr\u00e1vne. <\/p>\n\n

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Z uveden\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010det celkov\u00e9ho \u0165a\u017eiska nie je \u017eiadna raketov\u00e1 veda. Na druhej strane je zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie vytvori\u0165 z toho pl\u00e1n ulo\u017eenia. <\/p>\n\n

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V podnikoch, kde sa t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia vyskytuje pravidelne, sa oplat\u00ed s trochou starostlivosti nastavi\u0165 tabu\u013eku fakt\u00far tak, aby mohla sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj ako pl\u00e1n uskladnenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To u\u013eah\u010duje \u017eonglovanie tam a sp\u00e4\u0165. Na grafe je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fd pr\u00edklad, ako by tak\u00e1to tabu\u013eka mohla vyzera\u0165. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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K\u00f3dex CTU stanovuje presnej\u0161ie po\u017eiadavky v odseku 3.1.4 pr\u00edlohy 7. Odch\u00fdlka \u0165a\u017eiska by mala by\u0165 spravidla 5 % od stredu kontajnera. Pre 40-metrov\u00fd kontajner by to bolo +\/-30 cm mimo pozd\u013a\u017eneho stredu a pre 20-metrov\u00fd kontajner +\/- 15 cm. <\/p>\n\n

Ak je \u0165a\u017eisko mimo \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie 10 %, m\u00f4\u017eete e\u0161te skontrolova\u0165, \u010di je rozdelenie 60\/40 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 60 % hmotnosti n\u00e1kladu je v jednej polovici kontajnera a 40 % v druhej. Pri uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed tohto pravidla 60\/40 je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 dba\u0165 na to, aby sa 60 % nenach\u00e1dzalo na prednej stene, aby sa neprekro\u010dilo za\u0165a\u017eenie hnacej n\u00e1pravy \u0165aha\u010da. To m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch ve\u013emi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u0161etky tri varianty, pri\u010dom vo v\u0161eobecnosti by sa malo uprednostni\u0165 pravidlo 5 %. Ak nie je \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1 \u017eiadna z t\u00fdchto troch po\u017eiadaviek, je potrebn\u00e9 v\u017edy konzultova\u0165 odosielate\u013ea (prepravn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165\/spedi\u010dn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165). M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 najm\u00e4 pr\u00edpad strojov a zariaden\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Vy\u0161etrovanie neh\u00f4d kontajnerov\u00fdch lod\u00ed, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad straten\u00e9 kontajnery na mori, opakovane ukazuje, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vne upevnenie n\u00e1kladu alebo rozlo\u017eenie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneri m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jednou z pr\u00ed\u010din, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m, ako je to v pr\u00edpade domino efektu. Straten\u00fd kontajner pl\u00e1vaj\u00faci v bl\u00edzkosti hladiny predstavuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo aj pre v\u0161eobecn\u00fa lodn\u00fa dopravu, najm\u00e4 pre n\u00e1morn\u00edkov plaviacich sa po mori. <\/p>\n\n

D\u00fafam, \u017ee sa mi podarilo povzbudi\u0165 z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9\/zasiahnut\u00e9 strany, aby sa zaoberali situ\u00e1ciou a vypracovali rie\u0161enie \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre dan\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Stoj\u00ed to za n\u00e1mahu, preto\u017ee reorganiz\u00e1cia a prepracovanie stoj\u00ed ove\u013ea viac \u010dasu a pe\u0148az\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1\u0161, Sigurd Ehringer<\/p>\n\n

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<< Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci \u010dl\u00e1nokEpiz\u00f3da 45: S\u00fa str\u00e1nky v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 prie\u010dne a pozd\u013a\u017ene vo\u010di smeru jazdy v s\u00falade s K\u00f3dexom CTU?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u010eal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok >>47. epiz\u00f3da: Je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 n\u00e1klad nav hornej \u010dasti kontajnera?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Sigurd Ehringer<\/p>

\u2714 VDI-zertifizierter Ausbilder f\u00fcr Ladungssicherung\r\n\u2714 Fachbuch-Autor\r\n\u2714 8 Jahre Projektmanager\r\n\u2714 12 Jahre bei der Bundeswehr (Kompaniechef)\r\n\u2714 20 Jahre Vertriebserfahrung\r\n\u2714 seit 1996 Berater\/Ausbilder in der Logistik\r\n\u2714 44 Jahre Ausbilder\/Trainer in verschiedenen Bereichen —>\r\n\r\nIn einer Reihe von Fachbeitr\u00e4gen aus der Praxis, zu Themen rund um den Container und LKW, erhalten Sie Profiwissen aus erster Hand. Wie sichert man Ladung korrekt und was sind die Grundlagen der Ladungssicherung?\r\nErarbeitet und vorgestellt werden sie von Sigurd Ehringer, Inhaber von SE-LogCon<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozlo\u017eenie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch je v\u017edy predmetom diskusi\u00ed. Na rozdiel od star\u00fdch „Pokynov na balenie CTU“ nie je K\u00f3dex CTU 2015 odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm, ale z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdm s\u00faborom pravidiel obsahuj\u00facich \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa musia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 a ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno aj kontrolova\u0165. Ako pr\u00edklad mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 s\u00fa\u010det medzier. Kontroln\u00fd pracovn\u00edk prepravnej spolo\u010dnosti alebo pr\u00edstavn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu otvor\u00ed kontajner, zmeria vzdialenos\u0165 od […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1536,"featured_media":678458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[872,874,873],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-678449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cargo-blog-sk","category-fyzicka-stranka-sk","category-kontajner"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBLOG: Rozlo\u017eenie hmotnosti v kontajneri | 5 %? | 10%? | 60\/40 | Rothschenk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ak\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie hmotnosti plat\u00ed? \u2714 Pr\u00edklady \u2714 Pr\u00edklady za\u0165a\u017eenia \u2714 Technick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok \u2714 V\u00fdpo\u010det pl\u00e1nu za\u0165a\u017eenia \u2714 BLOG\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-46-rozdelenie-hmotnosti-podla-kodu-ctu-5-alebo-10-alebo-60-40\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BLOG: Rozlo\u017eenie hmotnosti v kontajneri | 5 %? 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