{"id":679400,"date":"2024-07-18T13:36:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T11:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/epizoda-45-su-stranky-vyplnovy-vak-pouzivane-priecne-a-pozdlzne-voci-smeru-jazdy-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:46:56","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T14:46:56","slug":"epizoda-45-su-stranky-vyplnovy-vak-pouzivane-priecne-a-pozdlzne-voci-smeru-jazdy-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-45-su-stranky-vyplnovy-vak-pouzivane-priecne-a-pozdlzne-voci-smeru-jazdy-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/","title":{"rendered":"Epiz\u00f3da 45: S\u00fa str\u00e1nky v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 prie\u010dne a pozd\u013a\u017ene vo\u010di smeru jazdy v s\u00falade s k\u00f3dexom CTU?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch pomocou dun\u00e1\u017enych vriec<\/a> je be\u017enou met\u00f3dou, ale st\u00e1le sa opakuj\u00fa diskusie o type a pou\u017eit\u00ed tejto met\u00f3dy zabezpe\u010denia. Na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu u\u017e boli uverejnen\u00e9 dva diely, na ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno odk\u00e1za\u0165: <\/p>\n\n

Epiz\u00f3da 20 v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak \u010das\u0165 1<\/a>Epiz\u00f3da 21 v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak \u010das\u0165 2<\/a><\/p>\n\n

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Predpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa upevnenia n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch<\/a> s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v k\u00f3dexe CTU 2015<\/strong>. V pr\u00edlohe 4 k dodatku 7 je cel\u00e1 kapitola venovan\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobu upevnenia pomocou dun\u00e1\u017enych vriec<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Uv\u00e1dza sa v \u0148om, \u017ee str\u00e1nka v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak by mala „blokova\u0165“ pohyb n\u00e1kladu. To naopak znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ide o met\u00f3du upevnenia pomocou tvarovky. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pre nasleduj\u00face \u00favahy je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 definova\u0165 perspekt\u00edvu, preto\u017ee tu ur\u010dite existuj\u00fa rozdiely a treba sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 nespr\u00e1vnym interpret\u00e1ci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n

Poh\u013ead 1:<\/strong> Lo\u010f je v strede so smermi pozd\u013a\u017enym = smer jazdy a prie\u010dnym vo\u010di smeru jazdy. V\u0161etky \u00fadaje, napr. zr\u00fdchlenie, sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na tento smer. Preto m\u00e1me hlavn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie prie\u010dne k smeru jazdy s 0,8 g, ke\u010f sa lo\u010f val\u00ed, a len 0,4 g v pozd\u013a\u017enom smere. <\/p>\n\n

Poh\u013ead 2:<\/strong> Zabezpe\u010dovacie zariadenia s\u00fa v strede. V n\u00e1dobe s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 pod\u013ea svojich proporci\u00ed. Na str\u00e1nke v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak je pozd\u013a\u017ene ulo\u017een\u00fd kontajner, ktor\u00e9ho \u0161irok\u00e1 strana je rovnobe\u017en\u00e1 s pozd\u013a\u017enym smerom kontajnera. Pooto\u010den\u00fd o 90\u00b0 je ulo\u017een\u00fd prie\u010dne. <\/p>\n\n

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Rovnak\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia v r\u00e1mci<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Uhol poh\u013eadu 1:<\/strong> vank\u00fa\u0161e uzatv\u00e1raj\u00fa medzery v smere jazdy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uhol poh\u013eadu 2:<\/strong> \u010cal\u00fanenie je umiestnen\u00e9 pozd\u013a\u017ene.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Nasleduj\u00face opisy s\u00fa z poh\u013eadu 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

K\u00f3d CTU neuv\u00e1dza, pre ktor\u00e9 smery zr\u00fdchlenia v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak<\/a> s\u00fa alebo nie s\u00fa povolen\u00e9. Grafika vo verzi\u00e1ch v\u0161ak v\u017edy zobrazuje situ\u00e1cie, v ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak kompenzuje medzery prie\u010dne k smeru jazdy. <\/p>\n\n

V tomto pr\u00edpade musia kompenzova\u0165 zr\u00fdchlenie 0,8 g. Nie s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie pre\u0165a\u017eenia, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa str\u00e1nky v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak umiestnen\u00e9 v medzer\u00e1ch pozd\u013a\u017e smeru jazdy. V tomto pr\u00edpade by boli vystaven\u00e9 „len“ zr\u00fdchleniu 0,4 g. <\/p>\n\n

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Nie je op\u00edsan\u00e9 ani to, \u017ee dynamick\u00fd tlak, ktor\u00fd vyv\u00edja tlmenie na n\u00e1klad, vytv\u00e1ra treciu silu medzi predmetmi n\u00e1kladu a stenami kontajnera, ktor\u00e1 dodato\u010dne zabezpe\u010duje n\u00e1klad. Tlak v jednotke ISO „1 bar“ znamen\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eenie 1 kg\/cm2<\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n

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Predpokladajme, \u017ee m\u00e1me situ\u00e1ciu pre\u0165a\u017eenia ako pri klasickom bloku 5 a palety s\u00fa vysok\u00e9 165 cm. \u013dav\u00e1 paleta by mala bo\u010dn\u00fa plochu (bez europalety) 120×150 cm = 18 000 cm2<\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak je str\u00e1nka v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak (\u00farove\u0148 1) naplnen\u00e1 tlakom 0,15 bar, vznikne sila 2 700 daN. Pri tren\u00ed \u00b5=0,2 o stenu n\u00e1doby by to viedlo k zais\u0165ovacej sile 540daN. Vplyv zvlnenia sa nezoh\u013ead\u0148uje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa lo\u010f prevr\u00e1ti, vznikne e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia zais\u0165ovacia sila, ktor\u00e1 je \u010dasovo obmedzen\u00e1, preto\u017ee na stenu tla\u010d\u00ed aj hmotnos\u0165 cel\u00e9ho radu bremien. Hmotnos\u0165 pravej palety sa preto prid\u00e1va, \u010do vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161enej trecej sile. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u00fdchto kot\u00fa\u010dov papiera v\u00e1\u017ei pribli\u017ene 770 kg.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pri sk\u00fa\u0161kach prevr\u00e1tenia s t\u00fdmto bremenom, ktor\u00e9 bolo zaisten\u00e9 iba pomocou str\u00e1nky v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak, sa dosiahli uhly prevr\u00e1tenia pribli\u017ene 45\u00b0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1klad sa udr\u017eal na mieste len v\u010faka zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu treniu medzi n\u00e1kladom a stenou kontajnera. Toto trenie bolo sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 tlakom vyv\u00edjan\u00fdm vank\u00fa\u0161om. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pri tomto uhle m\u00e1 doty\u010dnica hodnotu 1, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 zr\u00fdchleniu 1g. Zr\u00fdchlenie ur\u010den\u00e9 pre kontajner v pozd\u013a\u017enom smere je len 0,4 g. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Tieto sk\u00fa\u0161ky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee trenie medzi za\u0165a\u017eovac\u00edmi prvkami a stenami kontajnera vytv\u00e1ra hodnoty, ktor\u00e9 by sa nemali zanedb\u00e1va\u0165 pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed za\u0165a\u017eenia.<\/p>\n\n

Pomerne ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed sa ob\u00e1va, \u017ee v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak praskne. Spravidla sa tak nestane. S\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 a vyroben\u00e9 tak, aby vydr\u017eali nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobn\u00fd tlak sp\u00f4soben\u00fd hmotnos\u0165ou n\u00e1kladu alebo zr\u00fdchlen\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n

Napr\u00edklad v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak<\/a> s \u00farov\u0148ou 1, ktor\u00e1 by mala kompenzova\u0165 medzeru 30 cm, praskla pri sk\u00fa\u0161ke pri tlaku 0,55 bar. Maxim\u00e1lny pracovn\u00fd tlak je v\u0161ak 0,2 bar. V praxi sa uk\u00e1zali ako be\u017en\u00e9 hodnoty medzi 0,1 a 0,15 baru, preto\u017ee \u010doraz viac pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pln\u00ed str\u00e1nku v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak pomocou d\u00fachadla namiesto kompresora. <\/p>\n\n

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Mnoh\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia tla\u010dia pokyny na manipul\u00e1ciu na str\u00e1nke v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak. Na v\u00fdpise na obr\u00e1zku je uveden\u00fdch 0,20 baru. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak praskn\u00fa\u0165, ak v\u00f4bec, v d\u00f4sledku nespr\u00e1vnej manipul\u00e1cie. Ostr\u00e9 hrany, klince, hrdza na vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch sten\u00e1ch kontajnerov, odreniny, ostr\u00e9 \u010dasti n\u00e1kladu at\u010f. To s\u00fa nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 okolnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stevard ho m\u00e1 v ruk\u00e1ch a m\u00f4\u017ee ho ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pomerne \u010dast\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia pre\u0165a\u017eenia nast\u00e1va vtedy, ke\u010f kontajner nie je \u00faplne pln\u00fd a ku dver\u00e1m kontajnera je medzera (> 15 cm). <\/p>\n\n

Be\u017enou praxou je posun\u00fa\u0165 t\u00fato medzeru dovn\u00fatra a uzavrie\u0165 ju pomocou dun\u00e1\u017enych vriec, aby sa dvere mohli op\u00e4\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 na tvarov\u00e9 upevnenie n\u00e1kladu. In\u00fdmi slovami, uzatv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa medzery, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pozd\u013a\u017e smeru jazdy. <\/p>\n\n

Testy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee na pozd\u013a\u017ene upevnenie n\u00e1kladu mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 str\u00e1nku v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak. M\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017ei\u0165 bu\u010f na uzavretie medzier, alebo na korekciu rozlo\u017eenia za\u0165a\u017eenia v kontajneri tak, aby celkov\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisko bolo v pr\u00edpustn\u00fdch medziach. <\/p>\n\n

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N\u00e1klad v tomto kontajneri pozost\u00e1val z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch ton drevotrieskov\u00fdch dosiek, ktor\u00e9 mali by\u0165 z d\u00f4vodu rozlo\u017eenia n\u00e1kladu ulo\u017een\u00e9 v ur\u010ditej vzdialenosti od \u010delnej steny. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pri simul\u00e1cii bol 3D server v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak umiestnen\u00fd oproti dver\u00e1m kontajnera tak, aby sa kontajner mohol nakl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165. <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo po\u0161kodeniu, medzi str\u00e1nku v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak a dvere sa vlo\u017eila ochrann\u00e1 doska.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Proces vykl\u00e1pania sa uskuto\u010dnil plynul\u00fdm hydraulick\u00fdm pohybom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Dosiahnut\u00fd uhol sklonu bol 39\u00b0, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 zr\u00fdchleniu 0,81 g. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pri n\u00e1mornej preprave je potrebn\u00fdch len 0,4 g v pozd\u013a\u017enom smere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Str\u00e1nka v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak zostala nepo\u0161koden\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Je to teda celkom mo\u017en\u00e9, v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak<\/a> v kontajneri t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom. Ak sa dosiahne met\u00f3da tvarov\u00e9ho ulo\u017eenia a kontajner vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1kladu sa spr\u00e1va ako „jeden kus“, potom je riziko pomerne n\u00edzke. Zvy\u0161uje ho len nespr\u00e1vna manipul\u00e1cia. <\/p>\n\n

Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany presk\u00famali dostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a primerane ich uplatnili. V k\u00f3dexe CTU nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 uvies\u0165 v\u0161etky mo\u017en\u00e9 rie\u0161enia zabezpe\u010denia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee. <\/p>\n\n

VDI-2700 „Zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu na cestn\u00fdch vozidl\u00e1ch“ to opisuje takto: <\/p>\n\n

„V uveden\u00fdch pr\u00edkladoch nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u017edy zoh\u013eadni\u0165 r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 tovaru a mo\u017enost\u00ed upevnenia n\u00e1kladu. Ako alternat\u00edva k op\u00edsan\u00fdm zariadeniam sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 aj rovnocenn\u00e9 zariadenia na upevnenie n\u00e1kladu alebo tak\u00e9, ktor\u00fdmi sa dosiahne lep\u0161ie upevnenie. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Vhodnos\u0165 pom\u00f4cok\/met\u00f3d na upevnenie bremena, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa upraven\u00e9 t\u00fdmto usmernen\u00edm, sa m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u010di\u0165 a overi\u0165 reprezentat\u00edvnymi sk\u00fa\u0161kami v jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch s dokument\u00e1ciou nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov. Takto overen\u00e1 vhodnos\u0165 mus\u00ed by\u0165 potvrden\u00e1 technick\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami od v\u00fdrobcu s uveden\u00edm typu, d\u00e1tumu v\u00fdroby\/s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla.“ <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Tento pr\u00edstup by sa mohol uplatni\u0165 aj na k\u00f3d CTU, hoci sa v\u00fdslovne neuv\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n\n

Odosielate\u013e\/prepravca je preto povinn\u00fd skontrolova\u0165 svoje rie\u0161enia na z\u00e1klade r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch podmienok uveden\u00fdch v k\u00f3dexe CTU a v pr\u00edpade potreby preuk\u00e1za\u0165 vhodn\u00fdmi sk\u00fa\u0161kami, \u017ee \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie s\u00fa splnen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Po\u010fme sa s t\u00fdm popasova\u0165!<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1\u0161, Sigurd Ehringer<\/p>\n\n

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<< Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci \u010dl\u00e1nokEpiz\u00f3da 44: Nap\u00ednacie p\u00e1sy – vyradenie zrelosti, ozna\u010dovanie a \u010do vlastne plat\u00ed?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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K \u010fal\u0161iemu pr\u00edspevku >><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Thomas Bauer<\/p>

\u2714 Marketing | Web | CI<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch pomocou dun\u00e1\u017enych vriec je be\u017enou met\u00f3dou, ale st\u00e1le sa opakuj\u00fa diskusie o type a pou\u017eit\u00ed tejto met\u00f3dy zabezpe\u010denia. Na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu u\u017e boli uverejnen\u00e9 dva diely, na ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno odk\u00e1za\u0165: Epiz\u00f3da 20 v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak \u010das\u0165 1Epiz\u00f3da 21 v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak \u010das\u0165 2 Predpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa upevnenia n\u00e1kladu v kontajneroch s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1540,"featured_media":679411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[872,874,892],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-679400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cargo-blog-sk","category-fyzicka-stranka-sk","category-lorry-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBLOG: v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak | Pozd\u013a\u017ene\/prie\u010dne k smeru jazdy? | K\u00f3d CTU | Rothschenk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Je toto rie\u0161enie v s\u00falade s k\u00f3dexom CTU? \u2714 Pr\u00edklady \u2714 Spr\u00e1vne od\u00f4vodnenie \u2714 Technick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok \u2714 BLOG\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-45-su-stranky-vyplnovy-vak-pouzivane-priecne-a-pozdlzne-voci-smeru-jazdy-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BLOG: v\u00fdpl\u0148ov\u00fd vak | Pozd\u013a\u017ene\/prie\u010dne k smeru jazdy? 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