{"id":679573,"date":"2024-11-06T10:49:35","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T09:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/epizoda-49-kto-je-zodpovedny-za-spravne-nakladanie-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/"},"modified":"2025-06-30T16:52:21","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T14:52:21","slug":"epizoda-49-kto-je-zodpovedny-za-spravne-nakladanie-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-49-kto-je-zodpovedny-za-spravne-nakladanie-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/","title":{"rendered":"Epiz\u00f3da 49: Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za spr\u00e1vne nakladanie v s\u00falade s K\u00f3dexom CTU?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vzh\u013eadom na t\u00fato pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 by som r\u00e1d predniesol t\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 sa tie\u017e t\u00fdka zodpovednosti. T\u00fdka sa to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ukladaj\u00fa kontajnery alebo si ich nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa uklada\u0165. V porovnan\u00ed so star\u00fdmi pokynmi na balenie CTU sa K\u00f3dex CTU vyvinul do podoby z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru predpisov a jeho autori sa na\u0161\u0165astie orientovali aj na n\u00e1vrh pr\u00e1vnych predpisov o nebezpe\u010dnom tovare. K\u00f3dex CTU u\u017e v preambule odkazuje na osoby zapojen\u00e9 do dopravn\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. V\u0161etci z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00ed by sa mali m\u00f4c\u0165 spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 na to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotlivec si bude riadne a svedomito plni\u0165 svoje \u00falohy. <\/p>\n\n

V kapitole 4 k\u00f3dexu CTU s\u00fa z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdm stran\u00e1m pridelen\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 povinnosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podrobne op\u00edsan\u00e9 ako povinnosti. Aj ke\u010f sa v nej hovor\u00ed o osob\u00e1ch, prv\u00fd krok sa v\u017edy vz\u0165ahuje na spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a druh\u00fd na konkr\u00e9tnu osobu, ktor\u00fa mus\u00ed spolo\u010dnos\u0165 uvies\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

V kapitole 1.4.2 ADR s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany. Okrem toho sa uv\u00e1dza pozn\u00e1mka: „<\/em><\/strong> R\u00f4zne strany, ktor\u00fdm …. Zabezpe\u010dovacie z\u00e1v\u00e4zky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 post\u00fapen\u00e9 na jednu a t\u00fa ist\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/u>. \u010cinnosti a zodpovedaj\u00face zabezpe\u010dovacie z\u00e1v\u00e4zky \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 aj r\u00f4zne spolo\u010dnosti<\/u> “ <\/em>. Z toho jasne vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee majite\u013e\/riadite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti je osobou na vrchole a je zodpovedn\u00fd z\u00e1konodarcovi.<\/p>\n\n

V jednom z \u010fal\u0161\u00edch blogov\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov op\u00ed\u0161em zaobch\u00e1dzanie, organiz\u00e1ciu a riadenie zodpovednosti vo v\u0161eobecnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Kapitola 4 a nasl. k\u00f3dexu CTU obsahuje konkr\u00e9tny a podrobn\u00fd opis z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch str\u00e1n a ich povinnost\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sa mi zd\u00e1 aj \u00favodn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka: „Bez oh\u013eadu na vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vne predpisy alebo zmluvy medzi z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdmi stranami sa v nasleduj\u00facom re\u0165azci zodpovednosti vymedzuj\u00fa funk\u010dn\u00e9 oblasti zodpovednosti z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch str\u00e1n.“<\/em> In\u00fdmi slovami, osoba, ktor\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 skuto\u010dne vykon\u00e1va. <\/p>\n\n

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Vymenovan\u00e9 s\u00fa tieto strany:<\/p>\n\n

4.2.1 Prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e CTU mus\u00ed<\/em>4.2.2 Odosielate\u013e mus\u00ed<\/em>4.2.3 Baliace zariadenie by malo<\/em>4.2.4 Odosielate\u013e\/odosielate\u013e je povinn\u00fd<\/em>4.2.5 Prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e cestnej n\u00e1kladnej dopravy mus\u00ed<\/em>4.2.6 \u017delezni\u010dn\u00fd podnik<\/em>4.2.7 Prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013e v intermod\u00e1lnej doprave by mal<\/em>4.2.8 Dopravca mus\u00ed<\/em>4.2.9 Pr\u00edjemca CTU by mal<\/em>4.2.10 N\u00e1jomcovia\/prepravcovia a prev\u00e1dzkovatelia pr\u00e1zdnych CTU<\/em>4.2.11 V\u0161etky strany uveden\u00e9 v bode 4.2 s\u00fa povinn\u00e9<\/em>4.2.12 V\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany by mali<\/em><\/p>\n\n

Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby si ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fd overil, kto som. Po objasnen\u00ed tejto skuto\u010dnosti n\u00e1jdu v pr\u00edslu\u0161nej \u010dasti zoznam povinnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 musia splni\u0165. Samozrejme, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v konkr\u00e9tnom pr\u00edpade sa neuplatnia v\u0161etky povinnosti, preto\u017ee ich m\u00f4\u017ee prevzia\u0165 zmluvn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Strana na za\u010diatku prepravn\u00e9ho\/dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca, ktor\u00e1 dala pr\u00eds\u013euby pr\u00edjemcovi, v\u0161ak mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby bol zaru\u010den\u00fd tok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

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Konkr\u00e9tne plnenie povinnost\u00ed sa mus\u00ed v spolo\u010dnosti prejavi\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom t\u00fdchto opatren\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n

– Vhodn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia alebo organiza\u010dn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma, z ktorej mo\u017eno jasne ur\u010di\u0165 zodpovednosti a \u00falohy na r\u00f4znych \u00farovniach.– Pracovn\u00e9 pokyny a\/alebo kontroln\u00e9 zoznamy, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na monitorovanie plnenia povinnost\u00ed s overite\u013en\u00fdmi krit\u00e9riami.– Kontroln\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee v\u0161etky uveden\u00e9 overite\u013en\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 s\u00fa zdokumentovan\u00e9.– D\u00f4kaz, \u017ee v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 osoby boli vy\u0161kolen\u00e9\/vzdelan\u00e9 a\/alebo pou\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd je preto nasleduj\u00faci v\u00fdrok v k\u00f3de \u010cVUT:<\/p>\n\n

13.1.5 Vedenie zariadenia, v ktorom sa balia CTU, je zodpovedn\u00e9 za zabezpe\u010denie toho, aby v\u0161etky osoby zapojen\u00e9 do balenia n\u00e1kladu do CTU alebo do doh\u013eadu nad touto oper\u00e1ciou boli primerane vy\u0161kolen\u00e9 a kvalifikovan\u00e9 v s\u00falade s ich povinnos\u0165ami v r\u00e1mci ich organiz\u00e1cie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

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R\u00e1d by som tu spomenul nieko\u013eko bodov, preto\u017ee sk\u00fasenosti uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee sa \u010dasto m\u00fdlia.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad: Kontrola prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho kontajnera<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Nezriedka sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee predp\u00edsan\u00fa vstupn\u00fa kontrolu kontajnera nevykon\u00e1 „bali\u010d“. Nekontroluje sa platnos\u0165 n\u00e1lepky CSC ani po\u0161kodenie kontajnera. V\u00fdsledkom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vyradenie kontajnera z prev\u00e1dzky alebo fakt\u00fara za jeho opravu. <\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad: Zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pri pozorovan\u00ed procesu ukladania v\u017edy zist\u00edte, \u017ee zamestnanci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa s najkraj\u0161\u00edmi a najpr\u00edjemnej\u0161\u00edmi \u010das\u0165ami n\u00e1kladu a tie problematick\u00e9 si nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa na koniec. Zabezpe\u010denie n\u00e1kladu je potom zlo\u017eit\u00e9, \u010dasovo a materi\u00e1lne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a v d\u00f4sledku toho \u010dasto nedostato\u010dn\u00e9. Ke\u010f sa kontajner otvor\u00ed, prv\u00e9, \u010do kontroln\u00fd org\u00e1n vid\u00ed, je nevyhovuj\u00faci stav. Tomu sa d\u00e1 pred\u00eds\u0165 pomocou pl\u00e1nu ulo\u017eenia, ktor\u00fd sa vypracuje pred za\u010dat\u00edm pr\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad: Rozlo\u017eenie n\u00e1kladu v kontajneri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho pr\u00edkladu je celkov\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eisko kontajnera tie\u017e vych\u00fdlen\u00e9. S pl\u00e1nom ulo\u017eenia sa aj tieto \u00falohy daj\u00fa bez probl\u00e9mov splni\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

Tak\u00e9to jasn\u00e9 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 rozdelenie zodpovednosti mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 len v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch nariadeniach.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad osved\u010denia o balen\u00ed kontajnera<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tento podpis m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 \u010falekosiahle n\u00e1sledky, ak d\u00f4jde k po\u0161kodeniu tovaru, kontajnera alebo lode.<\/p>\n\n

\"Pokyny<\/figure>\n\n
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Toto podpisov\u00e9 pole mus\u00ed by\u0165 podp\u00edsan\u00e9 osobou, ktor\u00e1 bola p\u00edsomne poveren\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 vystupuje ako bali\u010d v s\u00falade s: \u00a7 9 ods. 2 OWiG („2. v\u00fdslovne poveren\u00fd<\/u> vykon\u00e1va\u0165 na vlastn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165<\/u> \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 prisl\u00fachaj\u00fa majite\u013eovi spolo\u010dnosti<\/em>„).<\/p>\n\n

Spravidla to nie je zamestnanec, ktor\u00fd uklad\u00e1 a bal\u00ed kontajner. V\u0161eobecne plat\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 osoby musia by\u0165 vy\u0161kolen\u00e9\/in\u0161truovan\u00e9, aby mohli vykon\u00e1va\u0165 \u00falohy a \u010dinnosti v s\u00falade s K\u00f3dexom CTU. <\/p>\n\n

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\"Pokyny<\/figure>\n\n

Pre toto pole plat\u00ed to ist\u00e9, \u010do u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie pre odosielate\u013ea. Okrem toho mus\u00ed by\u0165 osoba poskytuj\u00faca podpis a v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany pou\u010den\u00e9 v s\u00falade s kapitolou 1.3 k\u00f3dexu IMDG, preto\u017ee tovar je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd tovar. <\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad dokument\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Procesy spojen\u00e9 s balen\u00edm kontajnera \u010dasto prebiehaj\u00fa tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee nikto presne nevie, \u010do sa potom vlastne urobilo. Ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 pokyny, in\u0161trukcie, ako sa to m\u00e1 robi\u0165, a kontrola. V tomto smere sa v\u00fdborne osved\u010dili kontroln\u00e9 zoznamy. D\u00e1 sa s nimi pracova\u0165 krok za krokom. <\/p>\n\n

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Tento protokol o zabezpe\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1kladu je pr\u00edkladom toho, ako m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kontroln\u00fd zoznam usporiadan\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fa \u0161abl\u00f3nu je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vlastn\u00fdm po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niekedy \u0161abl\u00f3na obsahuje polo\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 vo va\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti v\u00f4bec neexistuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa potom zaka\u017ed\u00fdm za\u0161krtn\u00fa tla\u010didlami OK alebo OK, zd\u00e1 sa to by\u0165 nepravdepodobn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Protokol\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ou dobrou met\u00f3dou je zhotovenie fotografi\u00ed na doplnenie kontroln\u00fdch zoznamov. Nezabudnite, \u017ee by mali by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne exponovan\u00e9, zaostren\u00e9 a mali by zobrazova\u0165 len to, \u010do sa m\u00e1 zdokumentova\u0165. Na tento \u00fa\u010del je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 ma\u0165 fotografick\u00fd n\u00e1vod, v ktorom je uveden\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 fotografie sa maj\u00fa zhotovi\u0165, aby sa vytvoril \u0161tandardizovan\u00fd, pravideln\u00fd a zrozumite\u013en\u00fd z\u00e1znam. <\/p>\n\n

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V pokynoch by malo by\u0165 jasne uveden\u00e9 miesto, z ktor\u00e9ho sa maj\u00fa sn\u00edmky zhotovi\u0165. Mus\u00ed by\u0165 tie\u017e definovan\u00fd minim\u00e1lny rozsah sn\u00edmok, aby dokument\u00e1cia mala v\u017edy rovnak\u00fd \u0161tandard. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Definícia-Pohľadový\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na mili\u00f3ny prepravovan\u00fdch kontajnerov sa „v\u010fakabohu“ deje pomerne m\u00e1lo. Ak sa tak\u00fdto pr\u00edpad vyskytne, je zvy\u010dajne tragick\u00fd a drah\u00fd. Ak v\u0161etci z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00ed ber\u00fa svoje povinnosti v\u00e1\u017ene a plnia si ich, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina prepr\u00e1v prebehne bez probl\u00e9mov. <\/p>\n\n

PS: op\u00edsan\u00fd kontroln\u00fd zoznam si m\u00f4\u017eete stiahnu\u0165 z tohto odkazu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e1\u0161, Sigurd Ehringer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

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<< Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci \u010dl\u00e1nokEpiz\u00f3da 48: Je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 n\u00e1klad v kontajneri smerom nahor?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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K \u010fal\u0161iemu pr\u00edspevku >><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Sigurd Ehringer<\/p>

\u2714 VDI-zertifizierter Ausbilder f\u00fcr Ladungssicherung\r\n\u2714 Fachbuch-Autor\r\n\u2714 8 Jahre Projektmanager\r\n\u2714 12 Jahre bei der Bundeswehr (Kompaniechef)\r\n\u2714 20 Jahre Vertriebserfahrung\r\n\u2714 seit 1996 Berater\/Ausbilder in der Logistik\r\n\u2714 44 Jahre Ausbilder\/Trainer in verschiedenen Bereichen —>\r\n\r\nIn einer Reihe von Fachbeitr\u00e4gen aus der Praxis, zu Themen rund um den Container und LKW, erhalten Sie Profiwissen aus erster Hand. Wie sichert man Ladung korrekt und was sind die Grundlagen der Ladungssicherung?\r\nErarbeitet und vorgestellt werden sie von Sigurd Ehringer, Inhaber von SE-LogCon<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzh\u013eadom na t\u00fato pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 by som r\u00e1d predniesol t\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 sa tie\u017e t\u00fdka zodpovednosti. T\u00fdka sa to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ukladaj\u00fa kontajnery alebo si ich nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa uklada\u0165. V porovnan\u00ed so star\u00fdmi pokynmi na balenie CTU sa K\u00f3dex CTU vyvinul do podoby z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru predpisov a jeho autori sa na\u0161\u0165astie orientovali aj na n\u00e1vrh pr\u00e1vnych predpisov […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1536,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[872,887],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-679573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cargo-blog-sk","category-pravne-zalezitosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBLOG: Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za spr\u00e1vne nakladanie v s\u00falade s K\u00f3dexom CTU?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kto je za to zodpovedn\u00fd? \u2714 Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd? \u2714 \u010co hovor\u00ed K\u00f3dex \u010cVUT? \u2714 Vzor protokolu o zabezpe\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1kladu \u2714 BLOG od spolo\u010dnosti Rothschenk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rothschenk.de\/sk\/epizoda-49-kto-je-zodpovedny-za-spravne-nakladanie-v-sulade-s-kodexom-ctu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BLOG: Kto je zodpovedn\u00fd za spr\u00e1vne nakladanie v s\u00falade s K\u00f3dexom CTU?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kto je za to zodpovedn\u00fd? 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